原创作者: RednaxelaFX   阅读:6677次   评论:1条   更新时间:2011-05-26    
今天有个同事问如何能通过JMX获取到某个Java进程的full GC次数:
引用
hi,问个问题,怎们在java中获取到full gc的次数呢?
我现在用jmx的那个得到了gc次数,不过不能细化出来full gc的次数

for (final GarbageCollectorMXBean garbageCollector
        : ManagementFactory.getGarbageCollectorMXBeans()) {
    gcCounts += garbageCollector.getCollectionCount();
}

你比如我现在是这样拿次数的

我回答说因为full GC概念只有在分代式GC的上下文中才存在,而JVM并不强制要求GC使用分代式实现,所以JMX提供的标准MXBean API里不提供“full GC次数”这样的方法也正常。
既然“full GC”本来就是非常平台相关的概念,那就hack一点,用平台相关的代码来解决问题好了。这些GC的MXBean都是有名字的,而主流的JVM的GC名字相对稳定,非要通过JMX得到full GC次数的话,用名字来判断一下就好了。

举个例子来看看。通过JDK 6自带的JConsole工具来查看相关的MXBean的话,可以看到,

GC的MXBean在这个位置:


这个例子是用server模式启动JConsole的,使用的是ParallelScavenge GC,它的年老代对应的收集器在这里:


该收集器的总收集次数在此,这也就是full GC的次数:


于是只要知道我们用的JVM提供的GC MXBean的名字与分代的关系,就可以知道full GC的次数了。
Java代码写起来冗长,这帖就不用Java来写例子了,反正API是一样的,意思能表达清楚就OK。
用一个Groovy脚本简单演示一下适用于Oracle (Sun) HotSpot与Oracle (BEA) JRockit的GC统计程序:
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory

printGCStats = {
  def youngGenCollectorNames = [
    // Oracle (Sun) HotSpot
    // -XX:+UseSerialGC
    'Copy',
    // -XX:+UseParNewGC
    'ParNew',
    // -XX:+UseParallelGC
    'PS Scavenge',
    
    // Oracle (BEA) JRockit
    // -XgcPrio:pausetime
    'Garbage collection optimized for short pausetimes Young Collector',
    // -XgcPrio:throughput
    'Garbage collection optimized for throughput Young Collector',
    // -XgcPrio:deterministic
    'Garbage collection optimized for deterministic pausetimes Young Collector'
  ]

  def oldGenCollectorNames = [
    // Oracle (Sun) HotSpot
    // -XX:+UseSerialGC
    'MarkSweepCompact',
    // -XX:+UseParallelGC and (-XX:+UseParallelOldGC or -XX:+UseParallelOldGCCompacting)
    'PS MarkSweep',
    // -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
    'ConcurrentMarkSweep',
    
    // Oracle (BEA) JRockit
    // -XgcPrio:pausetime
    'Garbage collection optimized for short pausetimes Old Collector',
    // -XgcPrio:throughput
    'Garbage collection optimized for throughput Old Collector',
    // -XgcPrio:deterministic
    'Garbage collection optimized for deterministic pausetimes Old Collector'
  ]

  R: {
    ManagementFactory.garbageCollectorMXBeans.each {
      def name  = it.name
      def count = it.collectionCount
      def gcType;
      switch (name) {
      case youngGenCollectorNames:
        gcType = 'Minor Collection'
        break
      case oldGenCollectorNames:
        gcType = 'Major Collection'
        break
      default:
        gcType = 'Unknown Collection Type'
        break
      }
      println "$count <- $gcType: $name"
    }
  }
}

printGCStats()

执行可以看到类似这样的输出:
5 <- Minor Collection: Copy
0 <- Major Collection: MarkSweepCompact

↑这是用client模式的HotSpot执行得到的;
0 <- Minor Collection: Garbage collection optimized for throughput Young Collector
0 <- Major Collection: Garbage collection optimized for throughput Old Collector

↑这是用JRockit R28在32位Windows上的默认模式得到的。

通过上述方法,要包装起来方便以后使用的话也很简单,例如下面Groovy程序:
import java.lang.management.ManagementFactory

class GCStats {
  static final List<String> YoungGenCollectorNames = [
    // Oracle (Sun) HotSpot
    // -XX:+UseSerialGC
    'Copy',
    // -XX:+UseParNewGC
    'ParNew',
    // -XX:+UseParallelGC
    'PS Scavenge',
    
    // Oracle (BEA) JRockit
    // -XgcPrio:pausetime
    'Garbage collection optimized for short pausetimes Young Collector',
    // -XgcPrio:throughput
    'Garbage collection optimized for throughput Young Collector',
    // -XgcPrio:deterministic
    'Garbage collection optimized for deterministic pausetimes Young Collector'
  ]
  
  static final List<String> OldGenCollectorNames = [
    // Oracle (Sun) HotSpot
    // -XX:+UseSerialGC
    'MarkSweepCompact',
    // -XX:+UseParallelGC and (-XX:+UseParallelOldGC or -XX:+UseParallelOldGCCompacting)
    'PS MarkSweep',
    // -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
    'ConcurrentMarkSweep',
    
    // Oracle (BEA) JRockit
    // -XgcPrio:pausetime
    'Garbage collection optimized for short pausetimes Old Collector',
    // -XgcPrio:throughput
    'Garbage collection optimized for throughput Old Collector',
    // -XgcPrio:deterministic
    'Garbage collection optimized for deterministic pausetimes Old Collector'
  ]
  
  static int getYoungGCCount() {
    ManagementFactory.garbageCollectorMXBeans.inject(0) { youngGCCount, gc ->
      if (YoungGenCollectorNames.contains(gc.name))
        youngGCCount + gc.collectionCount
      else
        youngGCCount
    }
  }
  
  static int getFullGCCount() {
    ManagementFactory.garbageCollectorMXBeans.inject(0) { fullGCCount, gc ->
      if (OldGenCollectorNames.contains(gc.name))
        fullGCCount + gc.collectionCount
      else
        fullGCCount
    }
  }
}

用的时候:
D:\>\sdk\groovy-1.7.2\bin\groovysh
Groovy Shell (1.7.2, JVM: 1.6.0_20)
Type 'help' or '\h' for help.
--------------------------------------------------
groovy:000> GCStats.fullGCCount
===> 0
groovy:000> System.gc()
===> null
groovy:000> GCStats.fullGCCount
===> 1
groovy:000> System.gc()
===> null
groovy:000> System.gc()
===> null
groovy:000> GCStats.fullGCCount
===> 3
groovy:000> GCStats.youngGCCount
===> 9
groovy:000> GCStats.youngGCCount
===> 9
groovy:000> GCStats.youngGCCount
===> 9
groovy:000> System.gc()
===> null
groovy:000> GCStats.youngGCCount
===> 9
groovy:000> GCStats.fullGCCount
===> 4
groovy:000> quit

这是在Sun JDK 6 update 20上跑的。顺带一提,如果这是跑在JRockit上的话,那full GC的次数就不会增加——因为JRockit里System.gc()默认是触发young GC的;请不要因为Sun HotSpot的默认行为而认为System.gc()总是会触发full GC的。

关于JMX的MXBean的使用,也可以参考下面两篇文档:
Groovy and JMX
Monitoring the JVM Heap with JRuby
评论 共 1 条 请登录后发表评论
1 楼 xgj1988 2011-04-27 15:07
SUN jdk   使用FULL GC 是如下的几种之一?

 static final List<String> OldGenCollectorNames = [   
    // Oracle (Sun) HotSpot   
    // -XX:+UseSerialGC   
    'MarkSweepCompact',   
    // -XX:+UseParallelGC and (-XX:+UseParallelOldGC or -XX:+UseParallelOldGCCompacting)   
    'PS MarkSweep',   
    // -XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC   
    'ConcurrentMarkSweep',   
   
  ]  


这几个是young gc?
'Copy',   
    // -XX:+UseParNewGC   
    'ParNew',   
    // -XX:+UseParallelGC   
    'PS Scavenge',   
       



根据名字判断来获取full gc

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